Oh my, let the guy with a master's in English as a foreign language and history help you amateurs and wiki surfers out.
As pointed out, the proto-European language is a theory that describes the language from which the languages of the Indo-European language family have developed. To say that this family includes most languages spoken today ignores hundreds of languages that did not had the luck of having major armies and navies export them for centuries. No one in the Americas would be speaking an Indo-European language if it wasn't for the colonization efforts of the large European empires. The map from wiki is correct, it is assumed that proto-European comes from this area, as the languages that developed from those share common words for things like pig, cow, milk, water etc. The correct terms might have changed specific meanings, but their roots are the same.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_vocabulary Is a really nice list with examples. Through trade and migration the language spread and changed into new languages etc. leading to this:
Open the image by itself and check where English, German etc. are in relationship to each other. English is not a product of Lation nor French, but took many many many many many many things from those languages such as grammatical structures, vocabulary as well as pronunciation. It also picked up pronunciation from Early Danish still evident in North English dialects. The dialect areas are still divided mostly by the old border between the danelaw and West Saxon law areas.
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